Season 1

The first program serves as a basic introduction to computers. Dr. Richard C. Hamming, research mathematician at Bell Telephone Laboratories, discusses the computer revolution – “speed, cost and effort favor the computer over the laboratory approach.” Dr. Ernest Nagel, a leading logician and philosopher at Columbia University, talks about the relationship of man and machine and the relationship of the symbolic world of mathematics to the real world of objects and events.

This program is first concerned with the history of computer development from the first mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the Seventeenth Century to ENIAC, the first completely electronic calculator built in the mid-1940s by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.

The computer can be called a “universal machine” in that it is capable of doing whatever man is capable of instructing it to do. Dr. C.R. DeCarlo, director of education for IBM, comments on the fact that the computer revolution represents a fundamentally different kind of advance because, unlike the industrial advances, the computer manipulates and processes information at incredible speeds. Of course, the answers and decisions that man gets from a computer depend entirely upon the data and instruction put into the machine.

While the industrial revolution resulted in tools for producing things the control revolution is bringing about the use of a tool (the computer) to control the tools which make things. The development of these information machines or electronic computers has made possible automatic control of routine tasks in government industry, and general business. The programs shows one of the earliest non-scientific applications of computer control – the recording, storing, and processing of vast data handled by the Social Security Administration.

This program explores the design and simulation capacities of the modern digital computer. The program first visits the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, where Dr. Helmuth Koeltzer, head of the Space Flight Center’s Computation Laboratory, discusses the importance of mathematical models (for example, the translation of a model of a Saturn rocket into numerical terms) and computers in the design and testing of the booster stage of the Saturn Rocket.

J. Presper Eckert, co-inventor of ENIAC and vice president of the UNIVAC division of the Sperry Rand Corporation, begins by asking the question, “Will machines ever run man?” Eckert comments, “If we are able to make a machine which is capable of emulating human thinking and is capable of self-reproduction. I hope that the man who does this has the presence of mind to kick the plug out of the socket before he starts running.”